From: Subject: Moo's video editing tips Date: Sat, 24 May 2003 16:04:47 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C3220E.32EC7670"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1165 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C3220E.32EC7670 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.student.oulu.fi/~miohtama/dv-editing-tips.html Moo's video editing tips

Moo's video editing tips

Updated 25.11.2002

I have some experience on editing and encoding DV video and I decided = to=20 publish a list of my tricks/problems. Here is a lot of general = information and=20 some of this information has been really under a rock. I hope sharing = the=20 knowledge of my efforts help DV editing newbies and maybe some more = advanced=20 persons too.

Tips aren't in any specific order, they are quickly written and very=20 technicial. I guaranteed this page to be as chaotic as possible ;-)

I have been using Adobe Premiere 6.0, Ulead Media Studio 6.0 and = several=20 freeware applications.

If you have any money worth = projects don't=20 hesitate to contact me in recruiting purposes. I am a Finnish guy = who is=20 studying industrial engineering and management in a university. I = am=20 experienced C/C++ and Java programmer with few years work = experience and I=20 have pretty good knowledge about video and audio processing as = hobby=20 basis. I am interested in both the coding and video editing. Poor = students=20 are always in need for some boozing cash=20 ;-)

Please feel free to contribute and comment this = list.=20 Everything here might not correct, since I wrote the list from my memory = without=20 doing too many checks. Send mail to moo@gdnmail.net

History=20
How=20 I do things=20
How=20 much hard disk space and CPU time video editing requires?=20
Adobe=20 Premiere specific issues=20
Ulead=20 Media Studio Pro specific issues=20
VirtualDub=20 specific issues=20
DV=20 format explained=20
Video,=20 audio & media formats=20
Video=20 compression=20
DV=20 codecs=20
Audio=20 compression=20
Players=20
Hardware=20 issues=20
Other=20 issues=20
Sites=20 for more information

History

[25.11.2002] Fixed title (was: edititing). Renamed = page=20 from DV editing to video editing. Added a correct DV format = explanation and=20 finally fixed those bitrates. Added time and space consumption=20 example.

[23.11.2002] Added OGM, XViD, VP3 and Theora. = Added some=20 commercials about myself . Added separated DV codec section. Added = link list.=20 Fixed broken links. Small fixes and new descriptions. Added players. = Removed=20 inter-software issues.

[27.8.2002] Fixed DV datarate, fixed FAT32 file = limit,=20 added table of content, added info about real-time editing, added = Media Studio=20 Pro titles information

How I do things

Capture video using Premiere.=20
Edit video in Premiere. Some tasks (like video painting) might = require=20 external tools. Deintelace video before external editing.=20
Export the movie from Premiere to VirtualDub using a frame server = plug-in=20
Let VirtualDub apply deinterlace filter.=20
Compress final AVI using DivX 5.0.2 (setting all frames are = progressive,=20 VirtualDub handles deinterlace) and Lame MP3 ACM codec.

How=20 much hard disk space and CPU time video editing requires?

An example answer follows:

--- <pnguyen2@xxxxx.xxx>=20 wrote: >i've enjoyed reading your website.. i just have a couple = of=20 questions >because i'm a newbie. how much storage space would = you need=20 if you >were to edit a 2 hour DV tape and would want to record = it to a=20 dvd. >when i use media studio pro 6 it ripps the dv to an .avi = format.=20 how >can i convert that to the dvd format so i can record to a = dvd=20 using DVD DV has bitrate of 3,5 MBytes/sec. Therefore the = input feed=20 requires 2 hours * 3600 secs/hour * 3,5 MBytes/sec =3D ~ 25=20 Gigabytes You need to also store the final MPEG-2 file on your = hard=20 disk before you burn a DVD. DVD has usually 4,5 Mbit/sec bit rate for = video=20 and 0,4 Mbit/sec for audio 4,5 MBit/sec + 0,5 MBit =3D 5 = MBit/sec =3D=20 0,625 MBytes/sec 2*3600*0,625 =3D 4,5 Gigabytes. So you = need about=20 30 gigabytes of hard disk space for editing 2 hours DV video and = making a DVD=20 from it. >workshop. I tried converting it to DVD format but = it takes=20 aabout 10 >hours for 45 min. is that normal?? i'm newbie and i = need=20 help if you >have time. Yes. Lossy video encoding = (packing)=20 requires very complex calculations which leads into high CPU usage and = there=20 is dozens of gigabytes of a material to process. Encoding = (MPEG-2 or=20 MPEG-4) long movies usually takes 4-10 hours. I usually do editing = during=20 daytime and leave my computer turned on for encoding video for a = night. Some=20 codecs might be optimized better than others and they might perform = tasks=20 faster. Sorry, but I do not have any encoding time comparison = information=20 anywhere. You can have never enough CPU power for video=20 processing.

Adobe Premiere specific=20 issues

Adobe lacks video painting tool similiar in Ulead Media Studio = Pro. I=20 didn't find a way to do a partial dynamic mosaic effect for cencoring = stuff in=20 Adobe. I had to export a partial AVI into Ulead Video Paint, modify it = there=20 and import back to Adobe Premiere.=20
Get a frame server plug-in for Premiere so you can use VirtualDub = as=20 compressor and filter for Premiere. I couldn't get AVISynth plug-in to = work=20 with my Premiere 6.0. Luckily there was a shareware Video Server plug-in which = worked=20 better.=20
Remember to save the project often with different filenames. This = software=20 tends to crash and sometimes project files are corrupted.=20
You cannot open files captured in Premiere 6.0 with Media Studio = Pro 6.0=20 and vice versa (complains about invalid AVI format or something) =

Ulead Media = Studio Pro=20 specific issues

Media Studio Pro 6.0 cannot encode sound with ACM MP3 encoder = directly=20 -> Save audio as PCM at repack AVI file in VirtualDub=20
There is no frame server plug-in for Media Studio 6.0 currently=20 (26.8.2002)=20
Media Studio Pro cannot read MP3s directly. You have to convert = them to=20 WAVs first. Use WinAmp DiskWriter plug-in which comes with WinAmp full = installation.=20
Remember to save the project often with different filenames. This = software=20 tends to crash and sometimes project files are corrupted.=20
On larger rolling titles Media Studio Pro internal title editor = becomes=20 slow. Edit title textes in an external text editor (notepad), create a = new=20 project for titles and export this as AVI-file. Manipulating AVI-clips = is many=20 times faster than on-the-fly titles.=20
The best (the smallest) video format for exporting titles with a = plain=20 color background is Microsoft 8-bit RLE packed AVI with 6-6-6 levels = palette.=20 RLE is a lossless packing method for large plain color areas.=20
You cannot open files captured in Premiere 6.0 with Media Studio = Pro 6.0=20 and vice versa (complains about invalid AVI format or something)=20
Question: How unlink audio and video in Media Studio Pro? =

VirtualDub specific = issues

VirtualDub is very = handy=20 freeware encoder/little editing software with very good error = messages. If a=20 codec doesn't work with Media Studio or Premiere, it probably works = with=20 VirtualDub.=20
VirtualDub can fix broken AVIs (end missing)=20
VirtualDub has the best deinterlace filter (blend fields together) =
VirtualDub is the best tool for capturing stills from DV video. = Search a=20 frame with VirtualDub, apply deinterlace filter whichs discards other=20 interlaced field so that the image's height is halved. Then copy = output frame=20 to clipboard. Paste it in Paint Shop Pro, apply edge preserving smooth = filter=20 to remove noise and double the image height back using smart image = resize.=20
To manipulate DV video, VirtualDub and some other = applications=20 need third party Video for Windows DV codec installed in Windows. See = DV=20 codecs section for further information.

DV format = explained

Digital camcorders record and output video through FireWire = connecters in=20 DV format.=20
Many people seem to be confused how video data is stored in DV = format. I=20 was also unaware of the true nature of DV until recently. DV = is not=20 uncompressed raw video data. It uses discrete cosine = transform (DCT)=20 aided lossy data packing.=20
An extraction from news groups:
Hope this helps un-confuse you.=20

DCT is "Discreet Cosine = Transform". It is=20 used by nearly ALL video compression systems marketed today as a way = to=20 convert picture information into a DCT table of numbers based on = frequency=20 bands. DCT is NOT compression. It is the step taken prior to = compression. It=20 is the step that allows the data to be analyzed in such a way that it = CAN be=20 compressed. Various compression schemes are available J-PEG, "Motion" = J-PEG,=20 DV, M-PEG, etc. Within each of the "PEGS" there are many possible = variations.=20 The "DV" compression algorithm is one of the few real "standards" out = there.=20 All of the manufacturers using DV compression for video products = follow the=20 same standards and, yes it is 5:1 for 4:1:1 products, 3.3:1 for 4:2:2 = DV=20 products, and 7:1 for upcoming HD products.

...

GBoren, Panasonic Broadcast and = Digital=20 Systems

Video, audio & = media=20 formats

These usually pop-up during DV and computer aided video=20 processing.

DivX: = DivX from=20 DivX Networks is the superior video compression technique for desktop=20 computers and lower bitrates. DivX codec is free MPEG-4 compatible=20 encoder/decoder. The latest version is 5.0.2 ( 26.8.2002).=20
VCD: MPEG-1 compressed video on CD. Some = non-computer=20 DVD-players can play this. Very poor quality.=20
SVCD: MPEG-2 compressed video on CD. Some = non-computer=20 DVD-players can play this. Poor quality.=20
DVD: MPEG-2 compressed video on DVD. The standard = DVD=20 format. Video date rate is about 4,5Mbit/sec=20
DV: See DV=20 format explained=20
MPEG-4: The latest MPEG video compression = technique. It's=20 aim is good image quality on lower bitrates. DivX is MPEG-4 = encoder/decoder.=20
MP3: Audio compression standard developed for = MPEG=20 videos.=20
Ogg Vorbis: Free audio compression standard. It = contains=20 two parts, stream framework (OGG) and audio codec (Vorbis).=20
OGG: Ogg=20 Vorbis audio file extension=20
OGM: Ogg movie. Open source community response = for=20 replacing Microsoft AVI format. OGM capsulates Ogg Vorbis audio and = encoded=20 video material into OGG frames. OGM is more advanced than AVI allowing = dynamic=20 bitrates, but it still lacks good support in applications.=20
WAV: Uncompressed Windows audio format.=20
AVI: Windows standard media file. It can contain = audio,=20 video or both.=20
ASF: AVI successor. Microsoft propietary format. = Avoid=20 this.=20
WMA: Microsoft's audio compression format. MP3 = & OGG=20 are superior to WMA.=20
RealMedia: Various commercial compression and = streaming=20 techniques offered by Real Networks. Used to be a leader in very low = bitrates.=20
QuickTime: Apple's concept of media formats.=20
XViD:=20 (DivX backwards) Free GPL-licensed MPEG-4 encoder. Both DivX and XViD = base on=20 the same orignal source code. Still under development and cannot match = DivX in=20 terms of quality.=20
VP3: Video = codec which=20 was previously On2's property. Now this codec has been open sourced = and it is=20 a base for Theora project.=20
Theora: = Xiph.org=20 Foundation (Ogg Vorbis makers) maintains this open source video codec. = It's=20 purpose is to do the same for video that Ogg Vorbis did for audio. = Theora is=20 scheduled to be released in June of 2003.

Video compression

DivX from DivX Networks = is the=20 superior video compression technique for desktop computers and lower = bitrates.=20 DivX codec is free MPEG-4 compatible encoder/decoder. The latest = version is=20 5.0.2 ( 26.8.2002).=20
If you think distributing your movies on CD or in Internet, DivX = is the=20 only reasonable choice in terms of quality and a file size. 800 = kbit/sec is=20 enough for decent quality in 720x568 resolution with DivX. DivX is = free and=20 ported for many platforms so Linux or MacOS users won't get angry when = you=20 distribute content in DivX format.=20
Use DivX strong or normal preprocessing option for DV content. DV = image is=20 very noisy at least with my cheap camera and noisy image tends to pack = poorly.=20 Preprocessing reduces noise.=20
Do not use advanced MPEG-4 packing options (GMC, bidirectional = frames,=20 subpixel motion estimation) if you are planning to view 720x568 size = packed=20 video on older computers. These options require a lot of computing = power from=20 decoder. Even my 700 MHz laptop chokes with those options.=20
Do not create ASF files. Microsoft video compression isn't very = good and=20 patent issues prevent (see VirtualDub + ASF) importing ASF files into=20 non-Microsoft software.=20
Always remember to deinterlace DV video before compressing it. = Otherwise=20 there will exist ugly rendering artifacts. Deinterlace should be the = first=20 filter applied on video.

DV codecs

In Windows world there exists two software interfaces for video=20 manipulation: Video for Windows (older) and = DirectShow=20 (newer). New Windowses ship with DV codec for DirectShow. Software = which uses=20 Video for Windows interface (VirtualDub) cannot use DirectShow codec = and=20 Microsoft doesn't provide Video for Windows DV codec with OS. =

Nowadays when you transfer your video from a camcorder to PC = through DV=20 interface capture software places both the audio and video into AVI = file=20
Commercial software (Adobe, Ulead) uses their internal decoders to = open=20 this files, but most of the shareware and freeware applications = require=20 Video-for-Windows codec installed on your computer to manipulate = captured AVI=20 files=20
There are several Video-forWindows DV codecs available to do the = job:

MainConcept DV=20 codec. Shareware. Only demo version available. The free version = of=20 Mainconcept codec leaves Mainconcept watermark to video, you can get = rid of=20 this with some $$$.=20
Canopus=20 DV codec. Freeware, but supports only decoding.=20
Sony DV codec. Some guy send me this for testing months ago. = It's still=20 in my inbox unopened due to my limited time :-(=20
Panasonic DV codec
There is highly unsupported and undocumented Panasonic DV codec = for Video=20 for Windows. I assume this was orignally freely downloadable at = Panasonic=20 Japanese site, but has been later removed. Some rare copies still = exist in=20 Internet. You=20 can download one from my homepages. Zip contains PDVCODEC.DLL = and=20 PDVCODEC.INF. There is no installer. Manually copy=20 PDVCODEC.DLL to your Windows\System32 folder and manually make = required=20 registry keys as descripted in INF file. If you are not a=20 professional computer user this option is not for you. Hey, = it is=20 free, what can you expect ;-)

Panasonic DV codec PDVCODEC.DLL crashes or causes problems with = some=20 applications (Media Studio Pro). You can disable it temporary with = Windows=20 Regedit tool.

Open key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows=20 NT\CurrentVersion\Drivers32=20
Search for value vidc.dvsd=20
Rename vidc.dvsd to xvidc.dvsd=20
Now when you open AVI files PDVCODEC.DLL is not used. No = reboot=20 needed.=20
To get PDVCODEC.DLL back just rename xvidc.dvsd back = to=20 vidc.dvsd

Audio compression

Ogg Vorbis the superior = sound=20 compression technique. It has the best quality on lower (< 192 = Kbit/sec)=20 bitrates, it is royalty free and open source.=20
There is not yet (26.8.2002) ACM codec for Ogg Vorbis 1.0 so that = you=20 could export AVI sound as Ogg Vorbis. But you should use = Lame = MP3 ACM=20 for AVI audio, since Ogg Vorbis is natively variable bitrate codec and = that's=20 why it doesn't work with AVI framework.=20
Lame ACM codec and Ogg Vorbis ACM codec don't support VBR (AVI=20 restrictions). If you want encode VBR audio you must export audio to = WAV,=20 encode WAV with command line tools and merge audio with a final video. = You=20 must probably also capsulate the movie to other format (OGM) instead = of AVI.=20
Some applications have problems with 32 KHz audio used in DV. = There are a=20 lot of workarounds for this. E.g. in Premiere you can switch audio = rate for=20 the project from 32 KHz to 44 KHz.

Players

Though all playing software on Windows platform tend to use the = same OS=20 codec framework for playing files, there is still difference which = player you=20 use to play movies.=20
Many badly coded players don't optimize use of surface and don't = take the=20 advantage of the hardware acceleration of graphics chipsets. This = results=20 jerky play on slower computers due to higher CPU usage.=20
Players can offer postprocessing settings to remove packing = artifacts=20 especially for lower bandwidth blocky videos. These effects just to = try to=20 fake an eye since information is already lost in an encoding process.=20
Try to set DivX decoder configuration postprocessing settings to = minimum=20 if playback is laggy or image comes behind audio. Postprocessing is = very CPU=20 sensitive task.=20
Advanced players provide for example equalizer, multichannel audio = and=20 aspect ration controls which are important if you are playing movies = through=20 home theater and 16:9 TV.=20
Some players can also display subtitles outside video track. = Subtitles can=20 be distributed as separated files (.TXT, .SRT, .SUB) or embedded into = a video=20 file (.OGM). This is important in many non-english speaking countries. =
BSPlayer is=20 the best available video player, though it seems to be unstable in = error=20 situations like file corruptions and wrong display driver settings. =

Hardware issues

Cheaper Europen DV cameras lack DV-in since it causes extra tax = style=20 costs for devices in many Europen countries. DV-in is usually disabled = in=20 camera software and can be re-enabled with rom flashing or similiar = hacking=20 tricks. Anyway getting video back to a DV-tape from a computer can be=20 difficult...=20
Windows 98 SE was the first OS supporting FireWire. There is no = FireWire=20 support for older Windows 98.=20
Some old software support AVI files only up to 2 GB and = FAT32=20 filesystems (Windows 98, Windows ME) support only files up to 4 = GB.=20 One hour of raw DV-video takes something like 12 GB space. = Upgrade to=20 Windows 2000/XP and NTFS filesystem for video editing = purpose. There=20 are multi-file workaround plug-ins for this issue, but relying hacks = like=20 these is not recommended.=20
Theoretical maximum speed of FireWire is 400 Mbit/sec but DV needs = only=20 3,5 MBytes/sec (25 Mbit/sec).=20
You need a decent hard-disk for reading DV data from a tape to a = hard=20 disk. Modern hard disks have high enough write speeds for this, but = earlier=20 editing required two RAID connected hard drives.=20
Do not have other tasks (screen savers!) running during = capture=20 process since a lot of CPU time is required for capturing. An = unexpeted=20 swapping or other operation system task leads to lost frames. =
Real-time editing (live editing) sets even higher hardware = requirements.=20 For real-time editing, there exist specific edititing cards which have = hardware chips to perform operations like transformations and = compression.=20

Other issues

Remember to distribute content with both the audio and video = decoder=20 codec. Older Windows Media Players don't have even MP3 decoder in = default=20 distribution.=20
Nimo Codec = Pack has the=20 latest codecs and mini-tools for most editing purposes=20
Question: What is a good tool to create multi-font, = multi-color=20 scrolling titles

Sites for more = information

=

http://www.fourcc.org/ This site contains list of all Four Character = Code=20 identifiers and their codecs. FourCCs are 4 character long names = which are=20 used to identify codec for contents in AVI files. If your player = cannot=20 play AVI file, you are probably missing a correct code. With AVI = files=20 utils or hex editor you can open the AVI file and check FourCC = used in it.=20 After you know FourCC you can start hunting a codec for it and = this site=20 server as a good start point.

http://www.doom9.org/ A DivX processing and DVD ripping related site. = This site=20 has a lot of FAQs, tutorials and in-depth knowledge about video = and audio=20 encoding. The has also regularly updated news section which is = worth of=20 following if you are interested in audio and video processing=20 software.

http://www.divx-digest.com/ A site with a lot of DivX tutorials, but the real = value=20 of this site is a huge up-to-date list of DivX and video editing = related=20 software. Most of listed applications have good and descriptive=20 reviews.

http://www.dvformat.com/ A site for more professional DV makers. = Specialized in DV=20 itself. There are good tips = here.

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http://www.fourcc.org/	This site contains list of all Four Character = Code=20 identifiers and their codecs. FourCCs are 4 character long names = which are=20 used to identify codec for contents in AVI files. If your player = cannot=20 play AVI file, you are probably missing a correct code. With AVI = files=20 utils or hex editor you can open the AVI file and check FourCC = used in it.=20 After you know FourCC you can start hunting a codec for it and = this site=20 server as a good start point.
http://www.doom9.org/	A DivX processing and DVD ripping related site. = This site=20 has a lot of FAQs, tutorials and in-depth knowledge about video = and audio=20 encoding. The has also regularly updated news section which is = worth of=20 following if you are interested in audio and video processing=20 software.
http://www.divx-digest.com/	A site with a lot of DivX tutorials, but the real = value=20 of this site is a huge up-to-date list of DivX and video editing = related=20 software. Most of listed applications have good and descriptive=20 reviews.
http://www.dvformat.com/	A site for more professional DV makers. = Specialized in DV=20 itself. There are good tips = here.

Moo's video editing tips

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How=20 much hard disk space and CPU time video editing requires?